QUESTION Recent media reports indicate that the Department of Defence removed many standard Defence audit and access provisions in the contract with Palantir, could the Minister please advise on the following: Can Defence explain why this was necessary. What is the scope of the clauses covering scope, method and reporting of audits. Has Defence completed risk assessments relating to potential artificial intelligence [AI] attacks against critical military infrastructure. Has Defence completed risk assessments of potential AI attacks to the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor. Is AI being used in the development of cyber weapons. Is Defence using deep learning AI systems/models to develop cyber weapons. Can Defence define what type of AI systems they are using, (for example algorithmic systems, advanced automation, etcetera). Do these systems have human oversight, and if so: how many people; what are their qualifications and experience; and if not, what was the basis for deciding not to have human oversight. Does Defence coordinate with other relevant departments on the deployment of AI. How often does Defence run quality assurance checks on these systems. ANSWER The Minister representing the Minister for Defence has provided the following answer to the Senator's question: As a general rule, contractual provisions are tailored during negotiations to reflect the specific technical, security and intellectual-property characteristics of the capability being acquired, while ensuring Defence retains appropriate oversight, accountability and assurance. Defence does not publicly disclose detailed audit methodologies, thresholds or reporting mechanisms for sensitive ICT capabilities. Defence is working closely with Department of Home Affairs and Australian Signals Directorate on proactive strategies to address the risks posed by AI in relation to military critical infrastructure. Defence use cases for AI are being explored under a broad range of applications including process automation and performance improvement consistent with the Policy Settings for the Responsible use of AI in Defence . Questions relating to the OPAL nuclear reactor in Lucas Heights should be referred to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation and the Department of Industry, Science and Resources.